Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913)
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William Jennings Bryan was the Democratic party candidate for President in 1900. He opposed U.S. expansion into the Philippines and often criticized U.S. imperialism in his speeches during and after the 1900 campaign.

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Item Type: Speech
Date: 1901

In this 1900 speech to Congress, the Republican Senator from Indiana, Albert J. Beveridge, strongly calls for the United States to annex the Philippines.

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Item Type: Speech
Date: 1900

Motion pictures were still a novelty at the outbreak of the Philippine War, but film’s ability to generate patriotism and public interest in the war encouraged early filmmakers to produce a number of war films. Several cameramen went to the Philippines to film the military efforts, but recreations of battles filmed in rural New York and New…

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Item Type: TV/Film
Date: 1899

This newspaper article from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, provided one of the few opportunities for a Filipino to address a U.S. audience about the Philippine Reservation exhibit at the 1904 World’s Fair. The article extensively quotes Vicente Nepomuceno, a Philippine lawyer, member of the Philippine honorary commission, and critic of the…

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Item Type: Newspaper/Magazine Article
Date: 1904

The Philippine Village exhibition at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair included over one thousand Filipino men and women, many from indigenous tribes who were displayed in several “villages.” The Philippine Reservation promoters claimed that U.S. fair visitors could view and come to understand life in the Philippines as it was…

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Item Type: Photograph
Date: 1904

Stereographic photographs were common souvenirs sold at the World’s Fairs. At the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair, the Philippine village attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors. The U.S. government’s Bureau of Insular Affairs, which oversaw the governing of the Philippines, sponsored the Philippine Reservation as the exhibit was…

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Item Type: Photograph
Date: 1905

In this activity, students read a series of primary source documents, including the 1872 print "American Progress," that depict the social, political and cultural conflicts between settlers and Native Americans during the 19th century. Then, working in small groups, students will consider the events from the perspective of Native Americans, and…

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Item Type: Teaching Activity
Date: 2011

These worksheets help students complete "The Play Envelope: A Role Play." The worksheets set up the role play, help students organize their characters' talking points, and help students assess the success of the final role play as it is performed.

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Item Type: Worksheet
Date: 2011

This worksheet helps students analyze issues of race and class during the 1909 "Uprising of the 20,000."

Item Type: Worksheet
Date: 2008

Although early suffragists were not successful in passing a federal constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote, activists worked hard at the local and state levels throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They formed local organizations, proposed new state laws, and campaigned for state-wide referenda that gave women the…

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Item Type: Map
Date: 1880