2
10
19
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/leaflet_176cdea8ef.png
cef45fe0295ae7fdb9e1d2f8bc76317b
Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Bit Depth
8
Height
359
Width
617
Pamphlet/Petition
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Pamphlet
Title
A name given to the resource
Local Activists Call for a Bus Boycott in Montgomery
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
This leaflet, produced by Jo Ann Robinson and others in response to Rosa Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955, called for all African Americans to stay off city buses on Monday, December 5. Robinson was president of the Women's Political Council, an organization of African-American professional women who worked for greater political influence from the Black community. She was later arrested for her role in the boycott.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jo Ann Robinson
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Jo Ann Robinson, "[Leaflet calling for boycott]," 2 December 1955, from George Mason University Center for History and New Media and Stanford University School of Education, "Rosa Parks," <em>Historical Thinking Matters</em>, http://historicalthinkingmatters.org//rosaparks/0/inquiry/main/resources/21/
Primary
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1
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1955
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Postwar America (1946-1975)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Boycotts
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/dairy-job_9f4dbe49c0.tif
0e9b3c49be753aab13633398cab32334
Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Height
1786
Width
1398
Photograph
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Title
A name given to the resource
An African-American Man Protests Labor Discrimination at Bowman Dairy
Description
An account of the resource
In 1937, African-American activists in Chicago founded the Negro Labor Relations League to put pressure on companies that refused to hire black workers. The League's campaigns targeted newspapers (to promote black newscarriers), movie theaters (to hire black projectionists), and dairies. This photo is from that successful campaign, where in addition to picketing the League asked black Chicagoans to boycott white drivers and stores selling products from "Jim Crow dairies." Bowman's Dairy was one of the city's largest suppliers of dairy products and a major employer. Such pickets and "don't buy where you can't work" consumer boycotts took place in black neighborhoods in many U.S. cities during from the 1920s through the 1940s.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<p>John Vachon</p>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p>John Vachon, "Carrying a sign in front of a milk company, Chicago, Illinois," July 1941, Farm Security Administration-Office of War Information Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.</p>
Primary
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1
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1938
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Boycotts
-
Newspaper/Magazine
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<p>The provincial deputies of North Carolina having resolved not to drink any more tea nor wear any more British cloth, etc., many ladies of this province have determined to give a memorable proof of their patriotism, and have accordingly entered into the following honorable and spirited association. I send it to you to show your fair countrywomen how zealously and faithfully American ladies follow the laudable example of their husbands, and what opposition your matchless ministers may expect to receive from a people, thus firmly united against them:</p>
<p>Edenton, North Carolina, October 25 (1774).</p>
<p>As we cannot be indifferent on any occasion that appears nearly to affect the peace and happiness of our country, and as it has been thought necessary, for the public good, to enter into several particular resolves by a meeting of members deputed from the whole province, it is a duty which we owe, not only to our near and dear connections, who have concurred in them, but to ourselves, who are essentially interested in their welfare, to do everything, as far as lies in our power, to testify our sincere adherence to the same; and we do therefore accordingly subscribe this paper as a witness of our fixed intention and solemn determination to do so:</p>
<p>
Abagail Charlton,<br />Elizabeth Creacy,<br />Anne Johnstone,<br />Mary Woolard,<br />Jean Blair,<br />Frances Hall,<br />Mary Creacy,<br />Mary Blount,<br />Margaret Cathcart,<br />Jane Wellwood,<br />Penelope Dawson,<br />Susanna Vail,<br />Elizabeth Vail,<br />Elizabeth Vail,<br />J. Johnstone,<br />Elizabeth Patterson<br />Margaret Pearson,<br />Sarah Beasley,<br />Grace Clayton,<br />Mary Jones,<br />Mary Creacy,<br />Anne Hall,<br />Sarah Littlejohn,<br />Sarah Hoskins,<br />M. Payne,<br />Elizabeth Cricket,<br />Lydia Bonner,<br />Anne Horniblow,<br />Marion Wells,<br />Sarah Mathews,<br />Elizabeth Roberts,<br />Rebecca Bondfield,<br />Sarah Howcott,<br />Elizabeth P. Ormond<br />Sarah Valentine,<br />Mary Bonner,<br />Mary Ramsey,<br />Lydia Bennett,<br />Tresia Cunningham,<br />Anne Haughton,<br />Elizabeth Roberts,<br />Ruth Benbury,<br />Penelope Barker,<br />Mary Littledle,<br />Elizabeth Johnstone,<br />Elizabeth Green,<br />Sarah Howe,<br />Mary Hunter,<br />Anne Anderson,<br />Elizabeth Bearsley,<br />Elizabeth Roberts.</p>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Newspaper/Magazine
Title
A name given to the resource
North Carolina Women Support a Non-importation Campaign
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
This declaration, reprinted in a London newspaper, provides an example of women's political activism during the revolutionary period. Over fifty "American ladies" from Edenton, North Carolina signed an agreement to stop buying and using tea, British cloth, and other imported luxuries in protest of British policies toward the colonies.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Various
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Edenton Ladies' Patriotic Guild, "Edenton Ladies' Agreement," <em>Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser</em>, 16 January 1775; from eds. Kathryn Sklar and Thomas Dublin, <em>Women and Social Movements in the United States</em>, 1600-2000, http://asp6new.alexanderstreet.com/wasm/wasmrestricted/amrev/doc4.htm?.
Primary
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1
Relation
A related resource
629
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1775
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Revolution and New Nation (1751-1815)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Gender and Sexuality
Boycotts
Revolutionary War
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/rosa-parks-bus-diagram-l_79b496154f.tif
7aef518e7a926173b1a19b62df702b5e
Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Height
930
Width
800
Laws/Court Cases
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Laws/Courts
Title
A name given to the resource
Illustration of bus where Rosa Parks sat, December 1, 1955
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
The diagram below shows where Rosa Parks sat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, on December 1, 1955. At the time, the first ten seats on Montgomery buses were reserved for white passengers only. Parks was sitting in the eleventh row. When the bus filled up the driver told Rosa Parks to surrender her seat to a white man, but she repeatedly refused. The bus driver called the police and Parks was placed under arrest.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
U.S. District Court for the Northern (Montgomery) Division of the Middle District of Alabama
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
"Illustration of bus where Rosa Parks sat, December 1, 1955," Civil Case 1147 <em>Browder, et al v. Gayle, et. al</em>, from National Archives, http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2006/nr06-08.html
Primary
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1
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1955
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Postwar America (1946-1975)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Boycotts
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/rosaparks_9df41f9516.pdf
5f8a33b0a204973a50f5678b7b66b51b
Government Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Government Document
Title
A name given to the resource
Rosa Parks Takes a Stand Against Segregation
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
Rosa Parks gained international fame in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat in the "whites-only" section on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Parks, an employee of the Montgomery Fair department store and secretary for the NAACP, later said of the event, "It was just time... there was opportunity for me to take a stand to express the way I felt about being treated in that manner." This record from the Montgomery Police Department details Parks' subsequent arrest and fingerprinting. Although others had previously challenged segregation laws on buses and elsewhere, Parks' act of civil disobedience launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955/1956, the event which catapulted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. into fame and sparked the modern Civil Rights Movement.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Montgomery, AL Police Department
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
"Police Report, December 1, 1955," Civil Case 1147<em> Browder, et al v. Gayle, et. al</em>; U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, Northern (Montgomery) Division; from National Archives, "An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks," http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/rosa-parks/.
Primary
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1
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1955
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Postwar America (1946-1975)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Boycotts
-
Diary/Letter
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<p>Dear Sir:<br /><br />The Women’s Political Council is very grateful to you and the City Commissioners for the hearing you allowed our representative during the month of March, 1954, when the “city-bus-fare-increase case†was being reviewed. There were several things the Council asked for:<br /><br />1. A city law that would make it possible for Negroes to sit from back toward front, and whites from front toward back until all the seats are taken.<br /><br />2. That Negroes not be asked or forced to pay fare at front and go to the rear of the bus to enter.<br /><br />3. That busses stop at every corner in residential sections occupied by Negroes as they do in communities where whites reside.<br /><br />We are happy to report that busses have begun stopping at more corners now in some sections where Negroes live than previously. However, the same practices in seating and boarding the bus continue.<br /><br />Mayor Gayle, three-fourths of the riders of these public conveyances are Negroes. If Negroes did not patronize them, they could not possibly operate.<br /><br />More and more of our people are already arranging with neighbors and friends to ride to keep from being insulted and humiliated by bus drivers.<br /><br />There has been talk from twenty-five or more local organizations of planning a city-wide boycott of busses. We, sir, do not feel that forceful measures are necessary in bargaining for a convenience which is right for all bus passengers. . . . <br /><br />Please consider this plea, and if possible, act favorably upon it, for even now plans are being made to ride less, or not at all, on our busses. We do not want this.<br /><br />Respectfully yours,<br /><br />The Women’s Political Council<br />Jo Ann Robinson, President</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Diary/Letter
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Title
A name given to the resource
African-American Women Threaten a Bus Boycott in Montgomery
Description
An account of the resource
This letter from the Women's Political Council to the Mayor of Montgomery, Alabama, threatens a bus boycott by the city's African Americans if demands for fair treatment are not met.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jo Ann Robinson
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Clayborne Carson, et al, eds., <em>The Eyes on the Prize Civil Rights Reader</em> (New York: Penguin Books, 1991), 44-45; also from <em>Historical Thinking Matters</em>, http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/inquiry.php?sourceID=19&page=inquiry&moduleID=5&tab=resources.
Primary
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1
Relation
A related resource
1835, 1836
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1954
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Postwar America (1946-1975)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Social Movements
Boycotts
Social Movements
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/patrioticladies_472b98b65d.tif
5112a2d696beca7538697e2248f2b699
Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Height
748
Width
577
Cartoon
Dublin Core
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Cartoon
Title
A name given to the resource
A British Print Satirizes "A Society of Patriotic Ladies"
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
During the revolutionary era, cheap prints depicting current events were in demand in both England and the colonies. This 1775 British print presented a scene in Edenton, North Carolina, where fifty-one women had signed a declaration in support of nonimportation, swearing not to drink tea or purchase British imports. Boycotts of British goods were a widespread form of protest against the Townshend Duties, enacted by the British in 1767 to tax imported goods such as paint, paper, lead, glass, and tea. Abstaining from European products and fashions became a mark of patriotism, and merchants who violated nonimportation were subjected to public ridicule. Tarring and feathering was common, as were attacks on conspicuous symbols of wealth. As this print suggests, ridicule existed on both sides of the Atlantic.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Philip Dawes
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Philip Dawes, "A Society of Patriotic Ladies at Edenton in North Carolina," mezzotint, 1775, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/aw05e/d12.html.
Primary
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1
Relation
A related resource
880
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1775
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Revolution and New Nation (1751-1815)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Gender and Sexuality
Boycotts
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/explodech5_fc016f7272.pdf
f5f150cbf270a39b42127c808f38d575
Book (excerpt)
Dublin Core
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Type
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Book
Title
A name given to the resource
"Don't Buy Where You Can't Work": Political Activism in Depression-Era Harlem
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
This text highlights the growth of political activism that took place in Harlem during the Great Depression. Discriminatory hiring practices and widespread unemployment triggered job campaigns focused on increasing black employment in the largely white-owned business sector of Harlem and creating more opportunities for qualified blacks in non-menial (white-collar) jobs. This chapter discusses both the successes and the failures of these campaigns that were influenced by the economically and politically diverse population that was Harlem.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cheryl Lynn Greenberg
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Cheryl Lynn Greenberg,"Don't Buy Where You Can't Work," in <em>"Or Does It Explode?": Black Harlem in The Great Depression</em> (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 115-139.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Used by permission of the author.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1991
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Boycotts
-
Book (excerpt)
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<p>We, [Martin Luther] King and I, went to the meeting together. It was drizzling; I had been working up until the last minute on the resolutions. I was given instructions: one, to call off the protest, or two, if indicated, to continue the protest until the grievances were granted. We had had a successful "one-day protest," but we feared that if we extended it beyond the first day, we might fail; it might be better after all to call the protest off, and then we could hold this "one-day boycott" as a threat for future negotiations. However, we were to determine whether to continue the protest by the size of the crowds....</p>
<p>When we got about twenty blocks from the church we saw cars parked solid... as we got closer to the church we saw a great mass of people. The Montgomery Advertiser estimated the crowd at approximately 7,000 persons all trying to get in a church that will accommodate less than 1,000. It took us about fifteen minutes to work our way through the crowd by pleading: "Please let us through—-we are Reverend King and Reverend Abernathy. Please permit us to get through...."</p>
<p>Those inside applauded for at least ten minutes.</p>
<p>It was apparent that the people were with us. It was then that all of the ministers who had previously refused to take part in the program came up to Reverend King and me to offer their services. This expression of togetherness on the part of the masses was obviously an inspiration to the leadership and helped to rid it of the cowardly, submissive, over timidity.</p>
<p>We began the meeting by singing Onward Christian Soldiers, Marching as to War ....</p>
<p>Mrs. Rosa Parks was presented to the mass meeting because we wanted her to become symbolic of our protest movement. Following her we presented Mr. Daniels, who happily for our meeting had been arrested on that day.... The appearance of these persons created enthusiasm, thereby giving momentum to the movement.</p>
<p>We then heard the resolutions calling for the continuation of the boycott... unanimously and enthusiastically adopted by the 7,000 individuals both inside and outside the church....</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Book
Title
A name given to the resource
Reverend Abernathy Recalls the Montgomery Improvement Association's First Meeting
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
In the following excerpt, Reverend Ralph Abernathy remembers the first mass meeting of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) at a local Baptist church on the first day of the boycott. After this, the MIA held regular weekly meetings until the boycott ended.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ralph Abernathy
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Ralph Abernathy, "Recollection of the First MIA Mass Meeting," in <em>Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott</em>, ed. Stewart Burns (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997), pp. 93-95; from George Mason University Center for History and New Media and Stanford University School of Education, "Rosa Parks," <em>Historical Thinking Matters</em>, http://historicalthinkingmatters.org//rosaparks/0/inquiry/main/resources/22/
Primary
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1
Relation
A related resource
1837
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1958
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Postwar America (1946-1975)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights and Citizenship
Boycotts