1
10
20
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https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/comissreportedited_c1b1642954.tif
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Omeka Image File
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1857
Height
2658
Government Document
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<p>The great bulk of the present immigration proceeds from Italy, Austria, and Russia, and, furthermore, from some of the most undesirable sources of population of those countries. No one would object to the better class of Italians, Austrians, and Russians coming here in large numbers; but the point is that such better element does not come, and, furthermore, that immigration from such countries as Germany and the British Isles has fallen to a very low figure. </p>
<p>The great bulk of the present immigration settles in four of the Eastern States and most of it in the large cities of those States. Notwithstanding the well-known demand for agricultural labor in the Western States, thousands of foreigners keep pouring into our cities, declining to go where they might be wanted because they are neither physically or mentally fitted to go to these undeveloped parts of our country and do as did the early settlers from northern Europe. </p>
<p>...Past immigration was good because most of it was of the right kind and went to the right place. Capital cannot, and it would not if it could, employ much of the alien material that annually passes through Ellis Island, and thereafter chooses to settle in the crowded tenement districts of New York. </p>
<p>...A strict execution of our present laws makes it possible to keep out what may be termed the worst element of Europe (paupers, diseased persons, and those likely to become public charges), and to this extent these laws are most valuable….But these laws do not reach a large body of immigrants, who, while not of this class, are yet generally undesirable, because unintelligent, of low vitality, of poor physique, able to perform only the cheapest kind of manual labor, desirous of locating almost exclusively in the cities, by their competition tending to reduce the standard of living of the American wageworker, and unfitted mentally or morally for good citizenship.</p>
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Government Document
Language
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English
Publisher
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American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Title
A name given to the resource
"Character of Present Immigration"
Description
An account of the resource
These extracts from the report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration were reprinted and circulated by the Immigration Restriction League, a Boston-based organization that favored stronger restrictions on immigration at the turn of the twentieth century. In it the Commissioner-General echoes the sentiments of many anti-immigration efforts of the time, noting the prevalence of immigration from Italy and Eastern Europe (although denying any ethnic prejudice against these groups), their concentration in eastern cities, and characterizing them as undesirable.
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Immigration Restriction League
Source
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Immigration Restriction League, "Character of Present Immigration," <em>Extracts from the Report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration for the Year Ending June 30, 1903,</em> American Memory, Library of Congress, http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/gilded/people/text9/text9link.htm.
Relation
A related resource
1622
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1903
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
-
Fiction/Poetry
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<strong> CHILD OF THE ROMANS</strong><br /><br /><p>THE dago shovelman sits by the railroad track<br />Eating a noon meal of bread and bologna.<br />A train whirls by, and men and women at tables<br />Alive with red roses and yellow jonquils,<br />Eat steaks running with brown gravy,<br />Strawberries and cream, eclaires and coffee.<br />The dago shovelman finishes the dry bread and bologna,<br />Washes it down with a dipper from the water-boy,<br />And goes back to the second half of a ten-hour day's work<br />Keeping the road-bed so the roses and jonquils<br />Shake hardly at all in the cut glass vases<br />Standing slender on the tables in the dining cars.</p>
Dublin Core
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Type
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Fiction/Poetry
Title
A name given to the resource
"Child of the Romans"
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
The poetry of Carl Sandburg often documented the lives of ordinary working people in his adopted city of Chicago. Here he contrasts the backbreaking work and simple lunch of a railroad laborer with the comfortable lives and fine food enjoyed by the passengers on a first-class dining car rushing by. Despite the use of the pejorative term "dago" (an ethnic slur for Italians), the poem's title and Sandburg's sympathetic portrayal suggest a loftier lineage for the humble worker.
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Carl Sandburg
Source
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Carl Sandburg, "Child of the Romans," from <em>Chicago Poems </em>(H. Holt, 1916).
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Modern America (1914-1929)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Work
Italian Immigration
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/bend_0d307b3066.tif
2f16c602444ce3fe397fc001ddf0b106
Omeka Image File
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Height
1800
Width
2124
Photograph
Original Caption
Not very far from that house there is a block that is reputed to be the worse spot in the country, and I should say it might be true from my acquaintance with it. It was decided to tear it down long since, but five years have passed, and the block is there still. We go slowly, very slowly in such matters as that in New York, when there is neither money nor politics in it. Here you are with the Italians. They live out of doors most of the time, and that is why they are healthy though dirty, and the death rate is not so large. Go there at sunset some evening, and you will see an army of men and women slouching along with the unmistakable gait of the tramp. Where they all go will puzzle you. One by one they disappear, even while you look and before your very eyes. You will be troubled to find what becomes of them, till you look sharp and find doorways leading into side alleys.
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Type
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Photograph
Title
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"Mulberry Bend"
Language
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English
Publisher
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American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
Jacob Riis is best known for his 1890 work <em>How the Other Half Lives</em>, a journalistic account, replete with Riis's dramatic photographs, of the deplorable conditions of late-nineteenth century urban life. Although Riis, himself a Danish immigrant, was for the most part sympathetic to his subjects, his account nonetheless employed language rife with generalizations and ethnic stereotypes, as well as the kind of moral pronouncements that appealed to his mostly middle-class, reform-minded audience. The photograph and text below were part of a slide show Riis presented to the Washington Convention of Christians at Work, probably in 1894.
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Jacob Riis
Source
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Jacob Riis, "The Other Half and How They Live; a Story in Pictures," c. 1894, text and photographs; from <em>History Matters: The U.S. Survey Course on the Web</em>, http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mse/Photos/question2.html#!
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1894 (Circa)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913)
Italian Immigration
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/hine_tenement_55296ee9e5.png
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Omeka Image File
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Bit Depth
8
Height
480
Width
366
Photograph
Original Caption
Tenement, New York City, 1910
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Photograph
Title
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"Tenement, New York City, 1910"
Language
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English
Publisher
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American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
This photograph by Lewis Hine was taken in a New York City tenement in 1910. Hine was a documentary photographer who frequently turned his lens to the plight of immigrants, workers, and the poor. This family group, perhaps among the approximately two and a half million Italians who arrived in New York in the years 1890-1910, lives in squalid and cramped conditions typical of New York tenement buildings at the turn of the century.
Creator
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Lewis W. Hine
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Lewis W. Hine, "Tenement, New York City, 1910," black and white photograph, 1910; in Walter Rosenblum et al., <em>America & Lewis W. Hine: Photographs 1904-1940</em> (New York: The Brooklyn Museum with Aperture, 1977).
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1910
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
Lewis Hine
Progressivism
-
Book (excerpt)
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<p>Immigrant families, by necessity, had to create a composite income based on the wages of the father and older children, income from boarders, and the earnings of women from work done at home. Louise More, in her study of wage-earning budgets in New York City in 1909, made a crucial observation about the family economy of immigrant and working-class families:</p>
<p>The number of families entirely dependent on the earnings of one person is small when compared with the number whose incomes include the earnings of the husband, wife, several children, some boarders. . . gifts from relatives, aid from charitable societies, insurance money in the case of death—several or all of these resources may enter into the total resources of that family in a year. Perhaps this income should more accurately be called the household income, for it represents the amount which comes into the family purse and of which the mother usually has the disbursement?</p>
<p>In most working-class families….the older children were required to [turn over their wages]. It was the “general custom for all boys and girls to bring their pay envelopes unopened and (the mother) had the entire disbursement of their wages, giving them 25 cents to one dollar a week spending money according to the prosperity of the family.†The unopened pay envelope was a sign of responsibility and respect for the work of the mother.</p>
<p>Amalia Morandi, an Italian garment worker, restated this pervasive theme: "I gave my pay envelope to my mother. . . I wouldn't dare open it up. . . I'd give it to my mother because I knew that she worked hard for us and I thought this was her compensation."</p>
<p>Mollie Linker articulated another aspect of this relationship: "I gave it all to my mother. It was the respect to bring and give your mother the money."</p>
<p>In the Old World, daughters were expected to support the work of their mothers in the home. But in America, to do this they had to leave the house and go into the factories. Yet mothers expected their daughters to respect the economic priorities of the household, and the sealed pay envelope was a new form of an old responsibility.</p>
<p>* * * * *</p>
<p>Having money to spend on oneself was closely connected to breaking out of the family circle. Amalia Morandi, and Italian garment worker, was a “good girlâ€â€”she always brought her pay home and stayed close to her mother. But her sister was different:</p>
<p>She used to open the envelope and take a few dollars if she needed it. They (her sister and friend) would have costume balls and she would come home at 2 o’clock—that was terrible, especially for the Italian people. That was awful, when a woman, a girl at her age, which was 18 or 19, when they came home at 12 o’clock the neighbors would gossip, would say look at that girl coming home by herself. My mother would talk to her, it did no good. It went in one ear and out the other. And then one day she came home and she says to my mother, she wanted to give her board. And my mother says whatdaya mean by board—my mother knew what she meant. She says, oh I give you so much a week, and then the rest is for me. So my mother says alright, go ahead, do what you please.</p>
<p>* * * * *</p>
<p>This transformation of traditional values created particular problems for women. Caught between the desires of their children and devotion (and obedience) to their husbands, called on to reinforce the patriarchal wishes of their husbands, the women found themselves in the middle of emotionally explosive family situations. In addition, traditions of patriarchy demanded that female children be subordinate and inferior, and immigrant daughters were allowed little leeway in their desire for independence, schooling, and sexual freedom. Since these demands frequently also challenged the mother’s standards of proper female behavior, she had to steer a course between the authority and discipline of her husband, the wishes of her daughters, and her own sensibilities.</p>
Dublin Core
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Book
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars</em> (Excerpt)
Description
An account of the resource
This excerpt from Elizabeth Ewen's <em>Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars</em> describes the economic relationships of working-class immigrant families at the turn of the century. The female head of the family played an important economic role, often being the recipient of pay envelopes from an entire family of workers, which may have included husbands and children as well as boarders. However, as Ewen notes, this arrangement was not without its tensions.
Creator
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Elizabeth Ewen
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Elizabeth Ewen, <em>Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars: Life and Culture on the Lower East Side 1890-1925</em> (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1985).
Relation
A related resource
1996
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1985
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/ye_opprest_8c408389fc.png
c7cafa14ae1f0c14cdb39b4980508bff
Omeka Image File
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Width
499
Height
568
Bit Depth
8
Cartoon
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Cartoon
Title
A name given to the resource
A "Red Scare" Leads to Backlash Against Immigrants
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
After World War I a "Red Scare" broke out as anxieties about political extremists and radicals led to widespread demonization and political persecution of leftists and immigrants. A series of high-profile events from the late-nineteenth century on, such as the Haymarket Square bombing and the assassination of President McKinley by Leon Czolgosz, had cemented the connection of radical politics and violence in the public mind, with the image of the "anarchist" in particular becoming synonymous with the bomb-throwing terrorist. Since many of the leading exponents of anarchism, as well the defendants in the notorious Sacco and Vanzetti case and President McKinley's assassin were Italian, Russian, or Eastern European, these groups in particular were stigmatized as the stereotypical "anarchists," bent on violent revolution and the destruction of America's institutions. This stereotype, suggested by the bomb-wielding, dark-featured "European Anarchist" of the cartoon, became a leading justification for the passage of quota laws which severely limited immigration from Italy, Russia, and other regions of Southern and Eastern Europe.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
James P. Alley
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
James P. Alley, "Come Unto Me, Ye Opprest!", <em>Memphis Commercial Appeal</em>, 5 July 1919.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Modern America (1914-1929)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
Red Scare
-
Speech
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound.
<div>
<p>Since the foundations of the American commonwealth were laid in colonial times over 300 years ago, vigorous complaint and more or less bitter persecution have been aimed at newcomers to our shores. Also the congressional reports of about 1840 are full of abuse of English, Scotch, Welsh immigrants as paupers, criminals, and so forth.</p>
<p>Old citizens in Detroit of Irish and German descent have told me of the fierce tirades and propaganda directed against the great waves of Irish and Germans who came over from 1840 on for a few decades to escape civil, racial, and religious persecution in their native lands.</p>
<p>The “Know-Nothings,†lineal ancestors of the Ku-Klux Klan, bitterly denounced the Irish and Germans as mongrels, scum, foreigners, and a menace to our institutions, much as other great branches of the Caucasian race of glorious history and antecedents are berated to-day. All are riff-raff, unassimilables, “foreign devils,†swine not fit to associate with the great chosen people—a form of national pride and hallucination as old as the division of races and nations.</p>
<p>But to-day it is the Italians, Spanish, Poles, Jews, Greeks, Russians, Balkanians, and so forth, who are the racial lepers. And it is eminently fitting and proper that so many Members of this House with names as Irish as Paddy’s pig, are taking the floor these days to attack once more as their kind has attacked for seven bloody centuries the fearful fallacy of chosen peoples and inferior peoples. The fearful fallacy is that one is made to rule and the other to be abominated. . . .</p>
</div>
<div>
<p> In this bill we find racial discrimination at its worst—a deliberate attempt to go back 84 years in our census taken every 10 years so that a blow may be aimed at peoples of eastern and southern Europe, particularly at our recent allies in the Great War—Poland and Italy.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><br /><strong>Jews In Detroit Are Good Citizens</strong></p>
<p>Of course the Jews too are aimed at, not directly, because they have no country in Europe they can call their own, but they are set down among the inferior peoples. Much of the animus against Poland and Russia, old and new, with the countries that have arisen from the ruins of the dead Czar’s European dominions, is directed against the Jew.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>We have many American citizens of Jewish descent in Detroit, tens of thousands of them—active in every profession and every walk of life. They are particularly active in charities and merchandising. One of our greatest judges, if not the greatest, is a Jew. Surely no fair-minded person with a knowledge of the facts can say the Jews or Detroit are a menace to the city’s or the country’s well-being. . . .</p>
<p>Forty or fifty thousand Italian-Americans live in my district in Detroit. They are found in all walks and classes of life—common hard labor, the trades, business, law, medicine, dentistry, art, literature, banking, and so forth.</p>
<p>They rapidly become Americanized, build homes, and make themselves into good citizens. They brought hardihood, physique, hope, and good humor with them from their outdoor life in Sunny Italy, and they bear up under the terrific strain of life and work in busy Detroit.</p>
<p>One finds them by thousands digging streets, sewers, and building foundations, and in the automobile and iron and steel fabric factories of various sorts. They do the hard work that the native-born American dislikes. Rapidly they rise in life and join the so-called middle and upper classes. . . .</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>Â The Italian-Americans of Detroit played a glorious part in the Great War. They showed themselves as patriotic as the native born in offering the supreme sacrifice.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>In all, I am informed, over 300,000 Italian-speaking soldiers enlisted in the American Army, almost 10 percent of our total fighting force. Italians formed about 4 percent of the population of the United States and they formed 10 percent of the American military force. Their casualties were 12 percent. . . .</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>Â </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><strong>Detroit Satisfied With The Poles</strong></p>
<p>I wish to take the liberty of informing the House that from my personal knowledge and observation of tens of thousands of Polish-Americans living in my district in Detroit that their Americanism and patriotism are unassailable from any fair or just standpoint.</p>
<p>The Polish-Americans are as industrious and as frugal and as loyal to our institutions as any class of people who have come to the shores of this country in the past 300 years. They are essentially home builders, and they have come to this country to stay. They learn the English language as quickly as possible, and take pride in the rapidity with which they become assimilated and adopt our institutions.</p>
<p>Figures available to all show that in Detroit in the World War the proportion of American volunteers of Polish blood was greater than the proportion of Americans of any other racial descent. . . .</p>
<p>Â <br /><strong>Every American Has Foreign Ancestors</strong></p>
</div>
<div>
<p> The foreign born of my district writhe under the charge of being called “hyphenates.†The people of my own family were all hyphenates—English-Americans, German-Americans, Irish-Americans. They began to come in the first ship or so after the Mayflower. But they did not come too early to miss the charge of anti-Americanism. Roger Williams was driven out of the Puritan colony of Salem to die in the wilderness because he objected “violently†to blue laws and the burning or hanging of rheumatic old women on witchcraft charges. He would not “assimilate†and was “a grave menace to American Institutions and democratic government.â€</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>My family put 11 men and boys into the Revolutionary War, and I am sure they and their women and children did not suffer so bitterly and sacrifice until it hurt to establish the autocracy of bigotry and intolerance which exists in many quarters to-day in this country. Some of these men and boys shed their blood and left their bodies to rot on American battle fields. To me real Americanism and the American flag are the product of the blood of men and of the tears of women and children of a different type than the rampant “Americanizers†of to-day.</p>
<p>My mother’s father fought in the Civil War, leaving his six small children in Detroit when he marched away to the southern battle fields to fight against racial distinctions and protect his country.</p>
<p>. . . I learned more of the spirit of American history at my mother’s knee than I ever learned in my four years of high school study of American history and in my five and a half years of study at the great University of Michigan.</p>
<p>All that study convinces me that the racial discriminations of this bill are un-American. . . .</p>
<p>. . . Then I would be true to the principles for which my forefathers fought and true to the real spirit of the magnificent United States of to-day. I can not stultify myself by voting for the present bill and overwhelm my country with racial hatreds and racial lines and antagonisms drawn even tighter than they are to-day. [Applause.]</p>
</div>
Dublin Core
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Speech
Title
A name given to the resource
A Congressman Denounces Immigration Quotas as "Un-American"
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
Restrictions on immigration, largely aimed at would-be migrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, gained considerable popular support during the 1920s. Anti-immigrant sentiment culminated in the Quota Act of 1921, which effectively reduced immigration from those areas to a quarter of pre-World War I levels, and in the even more restrictive Immigration Act of 1924. Although the later bill passed the Senate with only six dissenting votes, not everyone was persuaded. Robert H. Clancy, a congressman from Detroit, defended the Jewish, Italian, and Polish immigrants that comprised much of his constituency and denounced the quota provisions of the bill as "un-American." In a speech before Congress on April 8, 1924, Clancy traces the history of anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.S. and reminds his fellow congressmen that all Americans are of foreign origin.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Robert H. Clancy
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Speech by Robert H. Clancy, 8 April 1924, <em>Congressional Record, </em>68th Congress, 1st Session (Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1924), vol. 65, 59295932.
Relation
A related resource
1862, 1865
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1924
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Modern America (1914-1929)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Immigration Quota Laws
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
-
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/eb42b51d9b2db4952627c00830ee4f22.pdf
50c77b02f47e21f34ddd324d4d432b03
Speech
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Title
A name given to the resource
A Congressman Denounces Immigration Quotas as "Un-American" (short version, with text supports)
Description
An account of the resource
Restrictions on immigration, largely aimed at would-be migrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, gained considerable popular support during the 1920s. Anti-immigrant sentiment culminated in the Quota Act of 1921, which effectively reduced immigration from those areas to a quarter of pre-World War I levels, and in the even more restrictive Immigration Act of 1924. Although the later bill passed the Senate with only six dissenting votes, not everyone was persuaded. Congressman Robert H. Clancy defended the Jewish, Italian, and Polish immigrants that comprised much of his constituency and denounced the quota provisions of the bill as "un-American." In a speech before Congress on April 8, 1924, Clancy traces the history of anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.S. and reminds his fellow congressmen that all Americans are of foreign origin.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Robert H. Clancy
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Speech by Robert H. Clancy, 8 April 1924, Congressional Record, 68th Congress, 1st Session (Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1924), vol. 65, 59295932.
Relation
A related resource
1862, 1256
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1924
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Modern America (1914-1929)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Constitution and Government
Immigration Quota Laws
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
Reading Supports
-
Newspaper/Magazine
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
<p>Thousands of immigrants of poor physique are recorded as such by the medical inspectors at Ellis Island, and a card to this effect sent to the registry clerk or immigrant inspector with the immigrant, but this mere note of physical defect carries little significance under the present law, and the vast majority of them are admitted by the immigration authorities, because it does not appear that the physical defect noted will make the immigrant a public charge. . . . </p>
<p>The real danger to the public health from immigration lies in that class of immigrants whose physique is much below American standards, whose employment is in the sweat-shop, and whose residence is the East Side tenement in New York City. The Mediterranean races, Syrians, Greeks and southern Italians, who are unused to a cold climate, and who often have insufficient clothing, also establish in their crowded quarters splendid [centers] for the dissemination of disease. The Hebrews, Syrians, Greeks, and southern Italians invariably crowd the most insanitary quarters of the great centers of population. And the various filthy and infected, though perhaps picturesque, foreign quarters constitute to-day the greatest existing menace to the public health.</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A Doctor Decries the Public Health Danger of Immigrants
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
Starting in the 1890s, many Americans feared that the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from countries in Eastern and Southern Europe was bad for society. They claimed that immigrants could not easily assimilate, or fit in, and that they were willing to work for very low wages. Some people also believed that these immigrants brought diseases with them and were a threat to public health. Doctors inspected immigrants entering the U.S. through Ellis Island for specific diseases, such as tuberculosis and trachoma (an eye disease). The doctor who wrote this article, however, believed that this was not enough to protect the public from immigrants.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Allan McLaughlin
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Dr. Allan McLaughlin, “Immigration and the Public Health,†Popular Science (January 1904), 232, 236-237.
Relation
A related resource
1862, 1867
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1904
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Immigration and Migration
Immigration Quota Laws
Italian Immigration
Jewish Immigration
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https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/ballot_13d2c1494a.png
8986c9b93f9c5eca6fe759f4c57dddc7
Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Bit Depth
8
Height
499
Width
300
Pamphlet/Petition
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Pamphlet
Title
A name given to the resource
A Steelworkers' Ballot Calls "Strike!" in Many Tongues
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning
Description
An account of the resource
In the years after World War I, American workers sought to consolidate and expand the gains they had achieved during the war years. In September 1919, some 350,000 steelworkers went on strike, seeking higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions. Steel companies, often with assistance of local governments, responded with violent tactics, eventually employing African Americans and Mexican Americans as strikebreakers. The strike eventually went down to defeat, with steel companies playing both on the racism of the workers and the public's aversion to the fact that many of the strikers were immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. This ballot, printed in English, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Slovak, and Polish and distributed by the National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers, reflects the broad range of nationalities comprising the industry's workforce.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
William Z. Foster, <em>The Great Steel Strike and Its Lessons</em> (1920) American Social History Project.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Modern America (1914-1929)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Labor Activism
American Federation of Labor
Italian Immigration
World War I