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A Bracero Enters the United States
In this oral history Alvaro Hernández describes how he entered the United States, first as an illegal worker and then as a bracero. Mr. Hernández was born in Jilemes, Chihuahua, Mexico. His father was an agricultural worker and his [...]
A Bracero Is Disenchanted With the United States
Despite rumors that braceros would be sent off to fight in World War II, Manuel Sandoval Espino joined the bracero program in 1943. He recalls having to go to the local politician in order to get a pass to join. Mr. Sandoval worked in Kansas as a [...]
A Bracero Protests Low Pay and Discrimination
Although he had received a rare scholarship to attend middle school, Andrés Héctor Quezada Lara dropped out to become a bracero. His work took him to many places in the United States, including South Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, [...]
A Bracero Remembers Working Near Chicago
Having heard about successful braceros, Salvador Esparza Carreño decided to enlist in the bracero program in 1945. He worked as a railroad worker, in the fields cutting asparagus, and as a camp cook. He describes his work and leisure time in [...]
The Bracero Program, 1941-1945 presentation
This presentation outlines the goals of the Bracero Program, the people who joined, and the results of the program during World War II. It also includes instructions for the corrido-writing activity outlined in "Nos creemos Americanos: Braceros in [...]
Proclamation of the Delano Grape Workers for International Boycott Day, May 10, 1969
In 1966, Mexican and Filipino grape pickers in California joined together to strike for better working conditions. Farm workers were excluded from federal laws passed during the 1930s that protected other kinds of workers. As the strike continued [...]
Migratory Mexican field worker's home on the edge of a frozen pea field. Imperial Valley, California.
During the Great Depression, migrant farmworkers from Oklahoma, Texas, Arizona, and Mexico poured into California's rich, agricultural valleys in search of jobs. They worked long hours, were paid only a pittance, and lived in squalid conditions [...]
Plan of Delano
Co-authored by César Chavez and Dolores Huerta, with help from playwright Luis Valdez, the "Plan de Delano" outlined the beliefs and vision of the United Farmworkers of America (UFWA), founded in 1965. The UFWA, whose headquarters were in Delano, [...]
"Gift for the Grangers"
This 1873 promotional poster for the Grangers features an idealized portrait of the yeoman farmer, with accompanying scenes of social, civic, and domestic life. The Grange (also known as the Patrons of Husbandry) was a coalition of independent [...]
Analysis Worksheet: "Gift for the Grangers"
This worksheet helps students analyze an 1873 poster promoting the Grange Movement, an organization of farmers founded in 1867.