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Mass Extermination of Buffalo (1892)
This image, taken in Rougeville, Michigan, depicts one man standing on top of thousands of buffalo skills, with another standing in front of the pile with his foot on one skull. White settlers exterminated buffalo near the end of the 19th century [...]
A Native Hawaiian Expresses Love for Her Island Home (2020)
On July 7, 1898, the Hawaiian Islands were annexed by the United States after a long struggle between native Hawaiians and non-native American businessmen. Because of their location in the Pacific, the Hawaiian islands have provided a strategic [...]
Critical Discussion of Thanksgiving
This activity is designed to help students to reflect on their own perceptions of Thanksgiving, learn how the holiday originated, and how it has changed overtime. They will also engage with what the holiday means from Indigenous perspectives. [...]
Seneca Chiefs Address George Washington (1790)
In 1790, Cornplanter, the chief of the Seneca nation (a nation within the Haudenosaunee Confederacy) and two other chiefs sought redress from the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania for wrongs committed by British colonists. The chiefs [...]
Background Essay on Iron Horses and American Indians
This essay discusses the impact of the transcontinental railroad on Native American life. It focuses on the role of buffalo hunters in the federal government's policy of Indian removal. This essay, and the related Iron Horse vs. the Buffalo [...]
Background Essay on Building the Railroads
This essay explains how railroads transformed late-nineteenth century America and shows how their impact was felt differently across class and racial lines.
How is History Recorded? The Lewis and Clark Journals and Lakota Winter Counts
In this activity, students read two primary documents from the early 1800s: a journal entry from the Lewis and Clark expedition and a Lakota Indian "winter count" calendar. Using an analysis worksheet, students identify key ideas and details from [...]