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In 1896 Congress passed a bill which would require all immigrants to be able to read at least 40 words in any language in order to enter the country. The bill was supported by the Immigration Restriction League. They worried that the increasing number of immigrants from Italy and Eastern Europe would drive down wages and not be able to become…

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Item Type: Pamphlet
Date: 1896

In 1896 Congress passed a bill which would require all immigrants to be able to read at least 40 words in any language in order to enter the country. The bill was supported by the Immigration Restriction League. They worried that the increasing number of immigrants from Italy and Eastern Europe would drive down wages and not be able to become…

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Item Type: Pamphlet
Date: Circa 1896

These worksheets help students plan their characters for the role play "To Strike or Not to Strikein 1830s Lowell." Also included is a rubric that students and teachers can use to evaluate the role play as it is performed.

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Item Type: Worksheet
Date: 2011

Painter and lithographer Robert Koehler emigrated to the U.S. from Germany with his parents—a skilled machinist and a sewing teacher—when he was four years old. Koehler painted The Strike in 1886 while living in Munich, and drew on scenes of industrial workers in England and Belgium. He was inspired by the massive 1877 strike wave in…

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Item Type: Hyperlink
Date: 1886

Harriet Hanson Robinson began work in Lowell at the age of ten, later becoming an author and advocate of women's suffrage. In 1834 and 1836, the mill owners reduced wages, increased the pace of work, and raised the rent for the boardinghouses. The young female workers went on strike (they called it “turning out” then) to protest the decrease…

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Item Type: Biography/Autobiography
Date: 1898

Harriet Hanson Robinson began work in Lowell at the age of ten, later becoming an author and advocate of women's suffrage. In 1834 and 1836, the mill owners reduced wages, increased the pace of work, and raised the rent for the boardinghouses. The young female workers went on strike (they called it “turning out” then) to protest the…

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Item Type: Biography/Autobiography
Date: 1898

These worksheets guide students as they watch the short film Daughters of Free Men.

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Item Type: Worksheet
Date: 2011

In this activity, students watch short clips of the ASHP documentary Daughters of Free Men to learn about the experiences of Lowell mill girls in the 1830s. Students follow the life of Lucy, a young girl working in Lowell in 1836. After each clip, students reflect on what they have just learned and predict what Lucy will do next.

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Item Type: Teaching Activity
Date: 2011

In this activity students perform a role play of a talk show between Lowell workers and factory owners. To research their characters, students analyze primary sources. This activity is used to teach with the film Daughters of Free Men, but can be completed without the film.

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Item Type: Teaching Activity
Date: 2011

California held a series of anti-Chinese conventions in the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s. After Chinese immigration was forbidden by federal law in 1882, white laborers organized boycotts of Chinese-owned businesses and won pledges from state leaders not to hire or purchase from any Chinese residents. They also organized boycotts of businesses that…

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Item Type: Government Document
Date: 1886