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Plans for Central Park (1858)
This 1857 map depicts plans for Central Park by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. The red rectangle denotes the area of Seneca Village, which spanned 82nd street to 89th street in New York City. Founded in 1825, Seneca [...]
Andrew Williams’ Affidavit of Petition (1856)
Founded in 1825, Seneca Village was a New York City settlement of mostly African Americans, many of whom were landowners. Irish and German immigrants also began to move into the community throughout the 1840s. By the 1850s, residents of the [...]
A Labor Leader Rails Against Chinese Immigration (1878)
In this "Workingmen's Address," published in 1878, Dennis Kearney of the Workingman's Party of California appealed to racist arguments against Chinese immigrants. After excoriating the fraud, corruption, and monopolization of land by the "moneyed [...]
An Indentured Servant Writes Home (1756)
In the eighteenth-century Chesapeake region, female indentured servants faced particular vulnerabilities. Indentured servitude was a system of labor in which a person had to work for four to seven years without pay in exchange for passage to the [...]
African American Exodusters En Route to Kansas (1879)
Tens of thousands of African Americans escaped the harsh economic difficulties and racist systems of the Reconstruction South between the late 1870s and early 1880s. Referencing the book of Exodus in the Old Testament, these migrants called [...]
Immigrants' Contributions to the Nation (1939)
This 1939 illustrated map of the United States appeared in a guidebook that accompanied a series of radio broadcasts that highlighted various immigrant groups and their work in the nation. The radio series and accompanying guide were produced by [...]
A Peruvian Immigrant Recalls Working in Las Vegas Hotels and Casinos (2019)
Jaime Cruz immigrated to the United States in 1987 from Lima, Peru. In Peru, Cruz earned a mechanical engineering degree and worked as a merchant marine. When he arrived in Las Vegas, Nevada, Cruz found it difficult to secure an engineering job, [...]