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Uncovering Five Points: Evidence from a NYC Immigrant Neighborhood
This database allows users to explore Five Points using data compiled from the 1855 New York State Census. Search census records from 1,333 individuals in the database to learn about the residents of New York City's legendary immigrant neighborhood.
Map of Free and Slave States in 1856
This map identifies which states and territories of the United States allowed slavery and which did not in 1856, five years before the start of the Civil War. The slaveholding border states included Missouri, Kentucky, Virginia, Maryland, and [...]
Military History and the LGBTQ+ Community: Websites and Bibliography
Use the following list for more information on military history and the LGBTQ community:
"To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for North America &c."
Phillis Wheatley, the first published African American poet, was also the second woman in colonial America to publish a book on any subject. Born in Gambia, where she was taken into slavery, Wheatley was sold to the Wheatleys, a prosperous Boston [...]
"For My People"
As a young writer, Margaret Walker penned "For My People" to demonstrate African American racial pride in the face of institutional racism and victimization. Walker interprets the dreams of African Americans through discussions of the development [...]
A Committee of Freedmen on Edisto Island Reveal Their Expectations
This letter was written by a group of freedmen to the Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Land (known as the Freedmen’s Bureau). The freedmen were from Edisto Island, South Carolina, an area that came under Union [...]
Background Essay on Why They Fought
This essay explores the motivations of soldiers on both sides of the U.S. Civil War.
Background Essay on Slave Communities and Resistance
This short essay explains how historians came to focus not just on what slavery did to enslaved people, but what enslaved people did for themselves within the limits set by this brutal institution.
Slaves Waiting for Sale, Richmond, Virginia, 1861
During the 1850s, hundreds of thousands of enslaved African Americans were sold by owners in the upper South (Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, West Virginia, Tennessee) to owners in the lower South (Louisiana, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, [...]